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Pigmentation disorders: types, aetiology and treatment options

02 June 2019
Clinical
02 June 2019
Volume 8 · Issue 5

Abstract

Hyperpigmentation is a chronic skin disorder that can be very difficult to treat. Skin pigmentation disorders are commonly seen in women than in men, due to hormonal factors, and in those with darker skin types. Pigmentation disorders can cause significant stress for patients and can have a detrimental effect on their quality of life; it is therefore important that aesthetic practitioners have a sound understanding of the different types of hyperpigmentation and appropriate treatments. This article will explore pigmentation disorders and how they can be treated in aesthetic practice.

Hyperpigmentation is a skin condition that is often seen in aesthetic practice. It can be difficult to treat, and the first step of any treatment should be a thorough consultation in which the healthcare professional determines the type of pigmentation that the patient has; the most appropriate treatment can then be determined. This step is essential, as if hyperpigmentation is not treated effectively, its appearance can become worse than before treatment.

Hyperpigmentation is the overproduction of melanin by the melanocytes. The melanin is distributed horizontally and vertically, meaning that the pigment spreads to the side of the cells and to the skin in a pyramid fashion.

Melanocytes are melanin-forming cells which are largely in the skin, located in the bottom layer of the skin's epidermis. Melanin is predominately responsible for the skin's colour based on the amount and type of melanin pigment produced. Melanocytes are responsible for all skin pigmentation disorders and are extremely sensitive and unstable cells. Normal skin pigmentation is a complex process, which is normally influenced by genetics, hormones, injury, sun and heat.

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Pigmentation
Hyperpigmentation
Melasma
Skin